Slave masters had to provide table service to their slaves.Īll the people in the temple actively participated in the festivities and worship, and a public banquet followed.Ī King of Saturnalia was elected who, with the title for the festival, got the power to order people around.
Gambling was permitted and dice games were popular. People in Rome were excused from working, schools were closed, and war couldn’t be declared on this day. Saturnalia was a time of equality and liberation. During the holiday, the wool was removed as an act of liberation. The statue of Saturn in this temple was huge, having wool bound to its feet. Sacrifices were frequently made to Saturn in the form of animals, wine, cheese, or bread. It has been destroyed and rebuilt a few times over the centuries. It took over 100 years to build but was finished in 497 BCE. The cult statue of Saturn himself, traditionally bound at the feet with woolen bands, was untied, presumably to come out and join the fun.The main Temple of Saturn was constructed in Rome at Capitoline Hill. The closing days of the Saturnalia were known as Sigillaria, because of the custom of making, toward the end of the festival, presents of candles, wax models of fruit, and waxen statuettes which were fashioned by the sigillarii or manufacturers of small figures in wax and other media.
The streets were infected with a Mardi Gras madness a mock king was chosen ( Saturnalicius princeps) the seasonal greeting io Saturnalia was heard everywhere. Slaves were given temporary freedom to say and do what they liked, and certain moral restrictions were eased.
Remarkably like the Greek Kronia, it was the liveliest festival of the year. The date has been connected with the winter sowing season, which in modern Italy varies from October to January. Originally celebrated on December 17, Saturnalia was extended first to three and eventually to seven days.
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